The Boeing 707 is a four-engine commercial passenger jet airliner developed by Boeing in the early 1950s. Its name is most commonly pronounced as "Seven Oh Seven". Boeing delivered a total of 1,010 Boeing 707s, and also offered a smaller, faster model of the aircraft that was marketed as the Boeing 720.
Although it was not the first commercial jet in service, the 707 was among the first to be commercially successful. Dominating passenger air transport in the 1960s, and remaining common throughout the 1970s, the 707 is generally credited with ushering in the Jet Age.[3][4] It established Boeing as one of the largest makers of passenger aircraft, and led to the later series of aircraft with "7x7" designations.
The 707 was an outgrowth of the Boeing Model 367-80. The "Dash 80" took less than two years from project launch in 1952 to rollout on May 14, 1954 and first flight on July 15, 1954. This was powered by the Pratt & Whitney JT3C engine, which was the civilian version of the J57 used on many military aircraft of the day, including the F-100 fighter and the B-52 bomber.
The prototype was conceived as a proof of concept aircraft for both military and civilian use: the United States Air Force was the first customer for the design, using it as the KC-135 Stratotanker midair refueling platform. It was far from certain that the passenger 707 would be profitable. At the time, Boeing was making nearly all of its money from military contracts: its last passenger transport, the Boeing 377 Stratocruiser, had netted the company a $15 million loss before it was purchased by the Air Force as the KC-97 Stratotanker.[5]
The 132-inch (3,350 mm) fuselage of the Dash 80 was only wide enough to fit two-plus-two seating (in the manner of the Stratocruiser). Answering customers demands and under Douglas competition, Boeing soon realized that this would not provide a viable payload, so decided to widen the fuselage to 144 in (3,660 mm), the same as the KC-135 Stratotanker, which would allow six-abreast seating — and the shared use of the KC-135's tooling.[6] However, Douglas had launched its DC-8 with a fuselage width of 147 in (3,730 mm). The airlines liked the extra space, and so Boeing was obliged to increase the 707's cabin width again, this time to 148 in (3,760 mm). This meant that little of the tooling that was made for the Dash 80 was usable for the 707. The extra cost meant the 707 did not become profitable until some years after it would have if these modifications had not been necessary.
Although it was not the first commercial jet in service, the 707 was among the first to be commercially successful. Dominating passenger air transport in the 1960s, and remaining common throughout the 1970s, the 707 is generally credited with ushering in the Jet Age.[3][4] It established Boeing as one of the largest makers of passenger aircraft, and led to the later series of aircraft with "7x7" designations.
The 707 was an outgrowth of the Boeing Model 367-80. The "Dash 80" took less than two years from project launch in 1952 to rollout on May 14, 1954 and first flight on July 15, 1954. This was powered by the Pratt & Whitney JT3C engine, which was the civilian version of the J57 used on many military aircraft of the day, including the F-100 fighter and the B-52 bomber.
The prototype was conceived as a proof of concept aircraft for both military and civilian use: the United States Air Force was the first customer for the design, using it as the KC-135 Stratotanker midair refueling platform. It was far from certain that the passenger 707 would be profitable. At the time, Boeing was making nearly all of its money from military contracts: its last passenger transport, the Boeing 377 Stratocruiser, had netted the company a $15 million loss before it was purchased by the Air Force as the KC-97 Stratotanker.[5]
The 132-inch (3,350 mm) fuselage of the Dash 80 was only wide enough to fit two-plus-two seating (in the manner of the Stratocruiser). Answering customers demands and under Douglas competition, Boeing soon realized that this would not provide a viable payload, so decided to widen the fuselage to 144 in (3,660 mm), the same as the KC-135 Stratotanker, which would allow six-abreast seating — and the shared use of the KC-135's tooling.[6] However, Douglas had launched its DC-8 with a fuselage width of 147 in (3,730 mm). The airlines liked the extra space, and so Boeing was obliged to increase the 707's cabin width again, this time to 148 in (3,760 mm). This meant that little of the tooling that was made for the Dash 80 was usable for the 707. The extra cost meant the 707 did not become profitable until some years after it would have if these modifications had not been necessary.
Specifications
720 (707-020) | 707-120B | 707-320B | |
Cockpit crew | Three | ||
Passengers | 140 | 110 (2 class) 179 (1 class) | 147 (2 class) 202 (1 class) |
Length | 136 ft 2 in (41.25 m) | 144 ft 6 in (44.07 m) | 152 ft 11 in (46.61 m) |
Wingspan | 130 ft 10 in (39.90 m) | 145 ft 9 in (44.42 m) | |
Tail height | 41 ft 7 in (12.65 m) | 42 ft 5 in (12.93 m) | |
Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) | 222,000 lb (100,800 kg) | 257,000 lb (116,570 kg) | 333,600 lb (151,320 kg) |
Empty weight | 103,145 lb (46,785 kg) | 122,533 lb (55,580 kg) | 146,400 lb (66,406 kg) |
Takeoff run at MTOW | 8,300 ft (2,515 m) | 11,000 ft (3,330 m) | 10,840 ft (3,280 m) |
Fuel Capacity | 16,060 US gal (60,900 l) | 17,330 US gal (65,590 l) | 23,820 US gal (90,160 l) |
Landing run | 5,750 ft (1,740 m) | 6,200 ft (1,875 m) | 5,950 ft (1,813 m) |
Operating range (Max Payload) | 3,680 nmi (6,820 km) | 3,735 nmi (6,920 km) | |
Range at MTOW (max fuel) | 3800 nmi (7,040 km) | 4,700 nmi (8,704 km) | 5,750 nmi (10,650 km) |
Cruising speed | 540 kn (1000 km/h) | 525 kn (972 km/h) | |
Fuselage width | 12 ft 4 in (3.76 m) | ||
Powerplants (4 x) | Pratt & Whitney JT3C-7: 12,000 lbf (53.3 kN) | Pratt & Whitney JT3D-1: 17,000 lbf (75.6 kN) | PW JT3D-3: 18,000 lbf (80 kN) PW JT3D-7: 19,000 lbf (84.4 kN) |
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